Stress in Athletics Essay examples -- Sports Athletics Athletes Teams

Worry in Athletics In the Journal article by Mark H. Anshel, entitled Qualitative Validation of a Model For Coping With Acute Stress In Sports. Clarifies how stress influences competitors, and how they can go going to manage the issue, or adapt to the issue. The creator separates this into four classifications. To begin with, they need to see an improvement or encountering an occasion, furthermore, assessing that occasion as unpleasant, thirdly, utilizing either approach or shirking adapting procedures each comprising of either intellectual or conduct systems, lastly authorizing post-adapting movement that comprises of either staying on task, reappraising the distressing circumstance, looking at the adequacy of the adapting methodology, or withdrawing from further game support. Stress itself is a broadly contemplated trademark; it is characterized as a collaboration between an individual and the general condition. Most examination on stress is simply new, yet has been a subject throughout the previous 20 years. Yet, most new investigations on stress need to manage the adapting procedure. â€Å"Coping is the person’s cognizant endeavor at decreasing or dealing with the requests of an upsetting occasion or growing the person’s assets to manage the occasion (Anshel, 2001).† Previous exploration by Gottlieb (1997) clarified â€Å"how adapting methodologies identified with intense types of pressure contrast from interminable pressure, and that numerous settings of incessant pressure don't end themselves to an occasion focused methodology of estimating adapting (pg...

A Postmodernist View Of International Relations Politics Essay

A Postmodernist View Of International Relations Politics Essay A few researchers contend that elective ways to deal with IR hypothesis have not made any noteworthy commitments to the hypothesis of IR. Additionally, these methodologies lead our IR hypothesis into turmoil and we are left with an absence of course. Be that as it may, concentrating on Postmodernism, we discover it has created the possibility of the force information relationship to scrutinize the â€Å"absolute truth† which is proposed by Positivism, and furthermore furnishes us with various philosophies, for example, family history, content, story, talk, deconstruction and twofold perusing to clarify world governmental issues. In addition, Postmodernism has used an assortment of techniques, for example, deconstruction of content to conquer the speculations and ideas that individuals accept (Der Derian and Shapiro, 1989). In the past worldwide hypothesis has been overwhelmed by four primary speculations: Realism, Liberalism, Marxism and Constructivism. Be that as it may, over the most recent two decades there has been an emotional change to this image. A scope of new methodologies has created to help comprehension of world governmental issues. With regards to globalization, even Realism appears to be insufficient to clarify issues like the ascent of non-state entertainers, character legislative issues, transnational social developments and data innovation. The new significant improvement isn't just in progress in the scholastic order of sociology yet in addition in the way of thinking of sociology, in a development known as Positivism. Along these lines numerous elective perspectives about the sociologies have been proposed and since the image of IR hypothesis has changed a progression of elective methodologies has risen as increasingly applicable to world governmental issues in the twenty first century (Smith S, 2008). Until the late 1980s, most social researchers in International Relations would in general be Positivists. Be that as it may, from that point forward Positivism has been enduring an onslaught. The suppositions made by Positivism met with contradict as analysis of the IR speculations drove by Positivism started to develop (Smith S, 2008). This is the alleged â€Å"the third debate† (Ashley R., 1987; 1990; Walker R. B. J., 1993). It can likewise be known as the Positivism and Post-Positivism banter (Lapid Y., 1989; Jim G., 1990; Smith S., 1995).. The contradiction from Positivism noticeably contains Feminism, Critical hypothesis, Post-imperialism, Poststructuralism and Postmodernism. Their regular thought is that they all consider the to be as something outer to the IR hypothesis (Smith S., 2008).Postmodernism is the term utilized by sociologists and others to depict a perspective that has gotten inescapable in the Western world in the last a quarter century. It is a way to deal with reality that is significantly affecting engineering, craftsmanship, instruction, law, writing, psychotherapy, science, theater, a nd the investigation of history and people’s perspective on religion (Exploring Christianity-Truth, n.d.). It arrived at IR hypothesis in the mid-1980s, yet must be said to have truly shown up in the previous fifteen years (Smith S., 2008).The term â€Å"Postmodernism† first entered the philosophical dictionary in 1979, with the distribution of The Postmodern Condition by Jean-Franã §ois Lyotard (Stanford Encyclopedia of theory, 2005). Other huge journalists who have advanced Postmodernism are De Man, Elshtain, Geoffrey Hartman, Harold Bloom, Michel Foucault, J. Hillis Miller, Jacques Derrida, Habermas, Richard Rorty and Rob Walker. Postmodernists who have made significant commitments to IR hypothesis are Richard Ashley, James Der Derian, David Campbell and William Connolly. Its sources are found in the ways of thinking of Nietzsche, Heidegger, Marx and Freud (Exploring Christianity-Truth, n.d.; Smith S., 2008).

Everything You Need to Know About Citing a Poem

Everything You Need to Know About Citing a Poem Academic study, especially in literature, will likely bring you to a moment when youll need to cite a poem in an essay. When that happens, dont worry, we have you covered. Were going to look at citing poetry in the two most common citation styles, APA and MLA, including in-text citations and those required for footnotes/endnotes and Reference or Works Cited pages.Citing poetry can be confusing across different citation styles. Photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash.APA styleAlthough commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, APA is the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA) and can be required for essays citing poetry.In-text citationsFor an in-text citation of a poem, APA requires that you add parentheses to the end of the quote and include the last name of the author, followed by a comma and the year of publication of the source. If you are quoting a poem that is online, you can simply use the date of publication of the p oem. If you found the poem in a collection or anthology, the in-text citation should include the page number in the anthology where the poem is printed.But we loved with a love that was more than love--I and my Annabel Lee--With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me. (Poe, 1849)Note that since the above quoted poem is three or more lines, it is formatted within the text like a block quote. Quotation marks are not used and the poem is written exactly as it is in the source. Also note that each line is indented and the section is double spaced, with an in-text citation placed after the final punctuation of the quote.For poetry quotes that are a single line, this should be treated like any other quote. For example:In his poem Annabel Lee, Poe writes But we loved with a love that was more than love--, (1849).Notice that the in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation and the citation only includes the date since the author (Poe) has already been mentione d.If the poetry quote contains two lines, treat it like any other quote but include a slash mark (/) where the line breaks in the original source. For example:The author writes, But we loved with a love that was more than love--/I and my Annabel Lee--,(Poe, 1849).Reference page citationIf you found the poem in an anthology, include the poets name, anthology publication year, poem title, editors names, anthology name in italics, page numbers, publishing city and publisher name in the following format:Eliot, T.S. (1970). Journey of the magi. In A. Allison and H. Barrows (Eds.), The Norton Anthology of Poetry (Third Edition) (pp. 1012-1013). New York: W.W. Norton Company.If you found the poem on the Web, include the poets name, year of publication, poem title, retrieval date and web address in the following format:Poe, E., A. (1849). Annabel Lee. Retrieved, November 30, 2019, from https://poestories.com/read/annabelleeAPA format is most commonly used in the social sciences, but might be required for your poetry citation by certain professors. Photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash.MLA formatPublished by the Modern Language Association (MLA), the MLA style is often used for English studies, modern languages and literatures, literary criticism, and media studies.In-text citationsFor an in-text citation of a poem, MLA requires that you add parentheses to the end of the quote and include the last name of the author. However, this is where the similarity to APA style ends. After stating the name of the author, youll need to include a comma followed by line numbers of the poem quotes. If there are no line numbers in the text, include the page number where the poem was found. Note that if you go this route, there is no comma in between the authors last name and the page number.But we loved with a love that was more than love--I and my Annabel Lee--With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me. (Poe, lines 1-4)Note that since the above quoted poem is thr ee or more lines, it is formatted within the text like a block quote. Quotation marks are not used and the poem is written exactly as it is in the source. Also note that each line is indented and the section is double spaced, with an in-text citation placed after the final punctuation of the quote.As with APA style, for poetry quotes that are a single line, this should be treated like any other quote. For example:In his poem Annabel Lee, Poe writes But we loved with a love that was more than love--, (line 1).Notice that the in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation and the citation only includes the line number since the author (Poe) has already been mentioned.If the poetry quote contains two lines, treat it like any other quote but include a slash mark (/) where the line breaks in the original source. For example:The author writes, But we loved with a love that was more than love--/I and my Annabel Lee--,(Poe, lines 3-4).Reference page citationFor the reference page o r works cited page, include the poets name, the name of the poem in quotation marks, anthology name, names of editors, publishing company, date of publication, and page number where the poem is found. Heres an example:Poe, Edgar Allan. Annabelle Lee. The Norton Anthology of Poetry, edited by A. Allison and H. Barrows, W.W. Norton Company, 1970, p. 697.If you found the poem on a website, include the authors last name, authors first name, name of the poem in quotation marks, the name of the website, the websites URL, and the date it was accessed. Heres an example:Poe, Edgar Allan. Annabel Lee. Poe Stories, https://poestories.com/read/annabellee. Accessed November 30, 2019.

Music And Technology Aid A Another - 1415 Words

Music and technology aid one another. In a way a person can capture music they love through technology and then the electronic companies flourish due to the sale and popularity of these electronic devices. If a person wants to listen to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard. A look through history will show how far society has come in music alone. The development of technology has changed the way the music industry operates and the way society hears and purchases music today. It started off with humming, then singing. People sang in church choirs, in the†¦show more content†¦Edison believed that the phonograph would have a positive effect on business, culture, and education. Out of the invention of the phonograph, three distinct qualities were discovered of recorded music: portability, affordability, and repeatability. Thanks to the phonograph and its portability, Americans could hear the â€Å"classics† through recordings since professional musicians’ never ventured to the rural areas. Portability would have meant nothing if not for its affordability. In 1890 the cost of the phonograph was $40, and by the 1900’s it was reduced down to five dollars. Poor blacks could also afford the phonograph, and in their minds it was a way to try and achieve equalities among whites by listening and learning their culture. Repeatability was believed to serve two main functions: to single out the good music versus the bad and to help listene rs to appreciate the art of the classics. Due to the fact that recording music had a maximum of three to four minutes, musicians had to drastically cut the time of their music to make more money. The phonograph was later called a gramophone and then it was known as the wax cylinder. The phonograph went out of â€Å"style† when the FM radio was invented and spread throughout American homes. In 1933, what thought to be just a dream, became a reality. Edwin Armstrong invented the

The Wind Turbines Are A Dominant Method Of Harnessing Wind...

This paper discusses how scientists can help bring wind power into urban areas with limited space such as London, and make wind energy a sustainable energy resource. Three-blade wind turbines are a dominant method of harnessing wind power, but this technology has drawbacks which make it unsuitable for placement in London. Small Wind Turbines, owned by individuals and/or communities have attempted to fill the gap, but are only capable of supplying lower levels of power than a city demands. This paper assumes that wind power will continue be used in combination with other (renewable) energy sources, such as solar, tidal or nuclear power to meet the UK’s future energy needs and sustain at least an equivalent lifestyle to now. 3-blade wind turbines are the dominant wind power technology used by the UK and they are a strong force in the UK renewable energies market (Renewable UK, 2014). As such, the market has invested in wind energy and drives a profitability mentality to renewables. There is public support for using wind energy generally, but also concerns about the effects of (in particular) 3-blade wind turbines and Small Wind Turbines on human and animal health, noise pollution, and their visual impact were they placed in sight of people’s homes (Tatchley et al., 2016). These market forces spur on innovation into wind energy which makes it more accessible. Using wind turbines has helped put the UK on track to achieve deriving 20% of its energy needs from renewable sourcesShow MoreRelatedEnergy Is The Building Block Of Any Society Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pagesof global energy coming from the fossil fuels (Dogan and Seker 429-439). Fossil fuels incorporate three major components, coal, natural gas, and oil. Historians argue that the fuels have powered the world for more than a century. On the other hand, wind energy falls under the category of renewable energy; this means that the energy can be used without depletion as opposed to the fossil fuels that are extracted and therefore prone to depletion. Over the recent past decade, there have been a globalRead MoreSearching for the Energy Source of the Future. Essay2610 Words   |  11 Pagesvery hard to find a new location, and when one is found the amount of energy drawn is sometimes sparce or fluctuates wildy. Wind energy is another semi-viable option. Wind energy is clean and may be more efficient in less sunny regions. If a region does not have an overabundance of sun or wind, Nuclear energy is another clean option. Geothermal energy, tidal energy, wave power, and hydroelectricity are all options that are much cleaner and can replace much of the natural gas that is burned. As technologyRead MoreHigh Rise Buildings : Massive Energy Consumers1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe fact that high-rise buildings are massive energy consumers is a key factor that has influenced the current development of tall building constructions. Their scale and purpose have turned them into dominant components in urban architecture. Architects and engin eers have opted to go green as a solution to the dangers of energy consumption posed by high-rise buildings to the environment. As much as tall buildings have played a key role in combating population growth and the lack of space, they haveRead MoreThe Future Of A Greener America Essay2572 Words   |  11 Pagesrapid advancements in technology and transportation in the last fifty years, our world is fully reliant and entwined with energy and how we use it. A person cannot go a day without directly or indirectly using energy, mainly electricity. Electricity powers our lights, appliances, computers, phones, and as of recently some of our cars. With something so prevalent in our daily lives, it is important that we understand how our energy usage is affecting the Earth. There is no denying that our energy consumptionRead MoreRenewable Energy : Fossil Fuels1808 Words   |  8 Pagesenergy are not as efficient as nonrenewable methods, they are a lot more stable and reliable. The alternative energy market is also continually growing even though it has not reached anywhere near the levels of the traditional coal and oil indexes. Although there certainly are a lot of benefits to using nonrenewable fossil fuels to generate power, due to all of the positive facts behind renewable energy, the world should become more reliant on these methods and shift the energy production from nonrenewableRead MoreValuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Msc Thesis33042 Words   |  133 PagesThesis: Valuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Irakli Menabde 1. Introduction There has been a great debate about the number of different methods available to an analyst for valuing and comparing valuations for Major Integrated Oil Gas companies that are listed on global stock exchanges. There is a balance between the simplicity of the methods and their value added to shareholders and management. In this thesis, I will present and compare several existing theoretical and empirically mostRead MoreWaste Management Business Plan in Nigeria10989 Words   |  44 Pagesdesigning products and services to meet those needs. âž ¢ stop depending on inspections: Building quality into the process from start to finish rather than inspection, which can be costly and unreliable. And we would implement statistical process control methods to check and prove our systems are working all the time. âž ¢ Improve constantly and forever: Continuously improving our systems and processes using the plan-do-check-act approach analysis and improvement. And also, adopting the kaizan model to reduceRead Moreâ€Å"Ratio Analysis and Comparative Study of Financials of Iocl with Its Competitors†13708 Words   |  55 Pagesenterprise in the country; it is the flagship corporate of the Indian Nation. It is the highest ranked Indian Corporate in the prestigious FORTUNE â€â€"GLOBAL 500‘listing. One of the NAVRATNAcompanies. Besides having a dominant market share, Indian Oil is widely recognized as India‘s dominant energy brand and customers perceive Indian Oil as a reliable symbol for high quality products and services. Indian Oil has been meeting India‘s energy demands for over 5 decades. This oil concern is administrativelyRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesvalue chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of cost categories Marketing cost analysis: aims and methods An illustration of segmental analysis An alternative approach to segmental analysis Customer profitability analysis Marketing experimentation The nature of productivity The use of ratios Analysing ratios and trends Ratios and interfirm comparison Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesCapability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture Competitive strategy Strategic options: directions Corporate-level strategy International strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Strategic options: methods Strategy evaluation Strategic management process Organising Resourcing Managing change Strategic leadership Strategy in practice Public sector/not-for-proï ¬ t management Small business strategy ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€" 

Solution Aging Population Free Essays

There are many proposed solutions in discussion to help care for the aging population. We should begin by reforming our incident-based system of care. Health care today is reactive: if we get sick, we make an appointment to see a physician; if we become seriously ill or injured, we go to an emergency department or clinic. We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Aging Population or any similar topic only for you Order Now One proposed solution, pay-for-performance programs, would tie higher reimbursement to quality of care—thus reducing funds to lower-performing facilities. But these facilities most need investment and incentives to improve resident care and quality of life. What’s more, current performance measures provide only a â€Å"snapshot† of care. Such point-in-time measures cannot gauge how well providers manage the multiple chronic conditions common among elderly patients. To build a viable elder health care system, we need to do the following: Provide five years of stable reimbursement for elder care so that professionals, legislators, and regulators can work together to focus on financial and intellectual strategies. Turn the system for evaluating nursing homes from one based on penalties to one based on partnership, building on the positive results from work done by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ quality improvement organizations. Provide financial incentives to upgrade elder care facilities and invest in health information technology. Establish financial models for reimbursement based on evidence-based clinical research. Provide government and private financial programs that enable the consumer to obtain the care they expect, and possibly deserve, based on individual responsibility of their own wellness. Finally, Curb unnecessary lawsuits, which siphon funds from direct care. If we take these steps, we can create a health system in which older patients take responsibility for their own health and reap the benefits of high-quality care. References J. Derr, Financing Health Care for an Aging Population, The Commonwealth Fund, December 2005 How to cite Solution Aging Population, Papers

Reforms in the Late 1800s and the Early 1900s, Essay Example For Students

Reforms in the Late 1800s and the Early 1900s, Essay By: Marina Bluvshteyn 813During the late 1800s and the early 1900s there were many problems inthe world. People came together because of what they thought was right. Some problems took more work than others to solve. Different methods wereused by reformers. Some reformers had more power than others and madegreater changes than others. Things like the 1901 New York State TenementHouse Law and the Pure Food and Drug Act were passed because people puttheir feet down and said that theyve had enough. President Roosevelt was mostly responsible for the passing of the PureFood and Drug Act. This act prohibited the manufacturing, sale, ortransportation of mislabeled or contaminated food. Roosevelt had areputation for making laws, acts, and trusts. At first Congress dint wantto pass this act, but after a few compromises the act was passed. Important people like the president werent the only people who helped passlaws, and/or acts; ordinary people helped too. Women wrote letters toCongress saying that it would be best if food was examined before sold orshipped somewhere. Every voice counts. Another law called the New York State Tenement House Law was passed in1901. This law concerned most immigrants. It outlawed the construction ofdark and airless tenements. The law required new buildings to have betterventilation, toilets, and running water. New Yorks law became a model forhousing reform in other states. Many progressives also establishedsettlement houses patterned after Jane Adamss Hull House. Theseorganizations worked in immigrant and poverty-stricken communities toimprove education, sanitation, and housing conditions. Progressives andMuckrakers (Journalists) were mostly the cause of the passing of this law. Muckrakers mostly focused their stories on poor people like immigrants;they helped spread the word of the terrible housing conditions. Progressives let the problems be known in other ways. Even though the new law was passed there was still more work to bedone. In 1909 hundreds of reformers gathered at the first NationalConference of City Planning and Congestion. Supporters of city planningproposed to get rid of unsafe housing, to develop more park land, and toimprove public transportation. After the planning was put to the testdeath rates dropped and there was less pollution in the air and on theground. Soon urban Americans came to enjoy the highest standards of publicservices in the world. Many other laws, and acts were past after and before this law and act. People with a lot of power werent the only ones who made things possible,ordinary people did too. The New York State Tenement House Law was anexcellent law to pass. It helped save lives and made New York a cleanerplace to live in. The Pure Food and Drug Act was also an excellent idea,food is now safer to eat. There are still problems in our world today, andpeople do try to solve them, but it takes more than one person toaccomplish something.

Collections Literature Textbook Yeh-Shen A Cinderella Story From China Flashcard

Collections Literature Textbook: Yeh-Shen A Cinderella Story From China

Narrative Therapy Essays

Narrative Therapy Essays Narrative Therapy Paper Narrative Therapy Paper { tf1ansiansicpg1252deff0deflang1033{fonttbl{f0fromanfprq2fcharset0 Times New Roman;}} {*generator Msftedit 5. 41. 21. 2509;}viewkind4uc1pardfi360sb100sa100f0fs24 Narrative Therapy is an approach to counseling that centers people as the experts in their own lives. This therapy intends to view problems as separate entities to people, assuming that the individual quote s set of skills, experience and mindset will assist him/her reduce the influence of problems throughout life. This therapeutic approach intends to place the individual in both the leading role and author roles: switching the view from a narrow perspective to a systemic and more flexible stance. The aim is to help clients realize what forces are influencing their lives and to focus on the positive aspects of the lquote play quote . In many events of our lives, we tend to focus on particular things and ignore others. Analyzing our lives as a play, or a system, helps us understand the different forces and roles that are influencing our behavior. This in turn gives us flexibility to invoke the necessary changes for improvement. It is a highly respectful, effective, non-blaming approach. It theorizes that people organize their lives into stories, and that individual are not the ldblquote problem dblquote the problem is the problem. It views people as having many skills, beliefs, and abilities that will help them reduce the influence of problems in their lives. The focus is not on the lquote experts quote solving problems, it is the individual discovering through conversations of their hidden possibilities within themselves. par Narrative therapy was originally developed during the 1970 quote s and 1980 quote s, but became prevalent in North America during the 1990 quote s. The founders are Michael White a Psychotherapist and David Epston a S. S. W professor. Michael was a social worker, family therapist, author and co-director of the Dulwich Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. He quote s known for his work with children, schizophrenia, anorexia/bulimia, men quote s violence, trauma, as well as the Indigenous Aboriginal communities. David Epston is an author, co-author and editor of many articles and books on lquote Narrative Therapy quote . He is a professor in the Social Work field, and the co-director of the Family Therapy article page Centre in Auckland New Zealand. He worked closely with Michael White on developing Narrative Therapy approach by integrating different forms of therapy together. par The Basic concepts of narrative therapy is to enable people to tell their stories in ways that make them stronger and Enables people who are experiencing hardship to make a contribution to others who are also experiencing hard times. It Encourages individuals, couples, and families to more fully explore other possible ways of making sense of their situations as well as supports to break free of restricting narratives. It also maximizes the existing capabilities and resources the individual may have. The core concept in Narrative Therapy is that our lives, identities and sense of self are shaped and made up by the meaning we attribute to our experiences which, roughly speaking, are simply stated the stories we tell ourselves to ourselves and eventually to others. When a person seeks therapy it is because their story is problem-saturated and has also became the person quote s dominant story in their life. When this story is told to a narrative therapist they don quote t contend the fact that it is true or false whatsoever, but simply, that it is subject to the distortion and removal which all our memories and experiences are subject to, that it is a slim description. par The techniques that narrative therapists use have to do with the telling of the story. They may examine the story and look for other ways to tell it differently or to understand it in other ways. In doing so, they find it helpful to put the problem outside of the individual, thus externalizing it. They look for unique outcomes: positive events that are in contrast to a problem-saturated story. dblquote (Sharf, 2004). The 3 main technique used are Firstly Externalizing the Problem. In Narrative Therapy the problem becomes the enemy of the story. Certain behaviors are based on particular lquote unhealthy quote or lquote undesired quote characteristics, such as lack of patience, aggressiveness, etc. Thus, they are approached as not a part of the client but as an opposing force which needs to be lquote defeated quote . An example would be a child that has a very bad temperament and tends to be aggressive to other kids at school and his parents. The child might feel guilty for his temperament and blame it on himself (ldblquote I don quote t know85 it is the way I am85 dblquote ). The counselor will work with him towards isolating that undesired trait (aggressiveness) and placing it as an external trait endash not a characteristic of the individual. This strategy helps clients re-construct their own stories in a way which will reduce the incidence of the problem in order to eliminate negative outcomes and reinforce personal development and achievement. The protagonist becomes the author and re-writes the story constructively. Secondly Unique Outcomes if a story is full of problems and negative events, the counselor will attempt to identify the exceptional positive outcomes. When exploring unique positive outcomes in the story, the counselor will assist the client in redeveloping the narrative with a focus on those unique outcomes. This assists the client in empowering him/herself by creating a notion that those unique outcomes can prevail over the problems. Think about this analogy: you are a novel writer. You were given a novel to review and publish the way you prefer. You have read it and found it generally poor, but there were some interesting ideas which you liked. You selected these ideas, and re-write the novel around them. You can make a flawed story become a bestseller. Finally Alternative Narratives The focus of Narrative Therapy is to explore the strengths and positive aspects of an individual through his or her narrative. Therefore, the main objective of this therapeutic approach is to improve the person quote s perspective internally (reflective) and externally (towards the world and others). Alternative narratives are a simple way to relate to this concept. This technique works in combination with unique outcomes. How? The individual will reconstruct a personal story using unique outcomes, therefore, focusing on the positive aspects of a previous story in order to achieve a desired outcome. This process is based on the premise that any person can continually and actively re-author their own life. By creating alternative perspectives on a narrative (or event within the narrative) the counselor is able to assist the client in bringing about a new narrative which will help combat the lquote problems quote . This is similar to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as it aims to create a positive perspective of an event. The main goal is to get the individual to alter the way they think, feel, and behave towards their own experiences, situations, and problems affecting them in their life. It engages clients in making sense of their narrative stories by externalizing the client quote s problem, Re-authoring the Story, and by providing a context for the new story. par The 6 Principles used in a Powerful transformative session are Dialectic and Paradoxical, Synergic, Symbolic, Holistic, Heroic and Pragmatic. Narrative therapy has a different kind of theory as it seeks to be a respectful, non-blaming approach to counseling and community work, which mainly focuses on the person being the expert in their own lives. Narrative therapy views the problem separately from the person and assures people have the skills, beliefs, values and abilities to reduce problems that occur in their lives. In essence, within a narrative therapy approach, the focus is not on experts solving problems, it is on people discovering through conversation, within themselves and hidden unseen story lines. Narrative therapy as been proven to be successful when used within individuals experiencing deep grief, with children experiencing problems , In group Mediation sessions, In Family therapy, with individuals who were sexually abused, with individuals who have Anxiety disorders or eating disorders- anorexia/bulimia, as well as Coaching teams and athlete. par Unfortunately this theoretical approach has some weakness when used with certain family situations. This approach is not Applicable to all problems . It Does not consider the root ldblquote cause dblquote of the problems and it can be vague when understanding of how problems developed. It also Holds a constructionist belief that there are no absolute truths but only socially sanctioned points of view. Therefore; therapist are Concerned that Narrative therapy are made to be lquote gurus quote , especially since its leading proponents tend to be overly harsh. Despite being a widely used approach, particularly when combined with other therapeutic approaches . Narrative Therapy has certain boundaries and limitations. In many occasions, diverse clients may expect the therapist to act as the expert, instead of having to lquote conduct quote the conversation themselves. For this reason, Narrative Therapy can be challenging when the individual is not articulate. Lack of confidence, intellectual capacity and other issues could also undermine the expression of the individual through a narrative. Another common boundary of Narrative Therapy is the lack of recipe, agenda or formula. This approach is grounded in a philosophical framework, and sometimes can become a particularly subjective or widely interpretative process. par pardfi360par }

Intellectual property and violations Research Paper

Intellectual property and violations - Research Paper Example The European Union is dealing with the increasing infringement cases in other countries. China has made steps in ensuring the protection of intellectual property. The formation of trade organizations and signing of agreements has improved the intellectual property protection in local and world markets. The law defines intellectual property as anything intangible product produced by a creative mind (Alin, 2014) (Vidrascu, Cristea, Iacob, & Volintiru, 2014). The law is founded on the fact that a creative mind should have some exclusive rights attached to his or her idea. Some of the examples of intellectual property are literature, music, inventions, paint, words, phrases and anything else that is borne by unique creativity of the human mind (Anderson, 2013). The term intellectual property goes back many years. The laws surrounding intellectual property and rights have undergone many changes (Bird & Jain, 2008). The paper examines advantages, violations, rights and laws on intellectual properties in different countries. The current meaning of the term intellectual property traces its roots back to 1867 in pre-modern Germany (Alin, 2014). The North German Confederation had given power for individuals to protect their intellectual property. The term has been used in Europe and America. It is paramount to understand that patents did not start with real inventions. It began with Queen Elizabeth awarding royal grants that had immense monopoly privileges. However, the meaning has evolved to the giving an inventor exclusive rights to sell and control his or her invention. The purpose and scope of intellectual property rights have been changing ever since (Moreno, 2013). For example, in the past the rights were given to encourage invention. They were given only in situations it was necessary. This paper reviews the application of intellectual property and intellectual property rights. It analyzes the advantages and limitations of intellectual property rights.

The Possible Power of Electronic Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Possible Power of Electronic Media - Essay Example So in order to bring a revolution onto the island a new leadership would be evolving. The old regime policies would be abandoned and new and clearly sought strategies would be implemented in order to recover from the old losses. The strategies would not only benefit the national government but also the individuals living in the island of Angic. The new government is going to take initiatives which are in line with the individuals vested interests. Different forms of media help is being pursued by the current government so as to implement their strategies and gain support amongst the people. Media is said to have a strong impact on the individuals living in this world. It not only tells the individuals where they are heading to but also urges them to take a certain step if required. Thus different types of electronic media is being sought by the government so as to implement such programs which are in line with the governments policy. The government has used radio to aware people of t he new friendly strategies which they are about to implement with their new policies. The individual benefits are pointed out in such a strategy and points laid out in which they tell people about how they are going to prosper. They reveal the corruptions and wrong doings of the past government which has put the state in an unstable condition. Thus they tell the individuals through radio that a new government is to come to bring a revolution on the island so that the island can survive the unfriendly conditions. The facts and figures of the previous government are provided to the public so as to make them aware of the present conditions prevailing in the state. The state of Angic has gone into a total chaos after the previous governments harsh and unfriendly strategies. The strategies have not proved to be successful and have turned out to be a failure. The role of radio can be put to be very important as it tells

Obesity and Addiction: Theories and Concepts

Obesity and Addiction: Theories and Concepts As a want-to-be conscious eater and as an individual susceptible to diabetes through a prevalent family history, I was intrigued by the article Why One Cream Cake Leads To Another published in The Scientist. It caught my eye to learn that maybe there was a scientific reason behind my cravings of Starkbucks’ Frappucinos and Insomnia’s S’mores Deluxe cookies; and maybe there is a valid and researched explanation as to why, when experience of consuming these particular treats, even when â€Å"full†, is it like a bitter sweet ending? Is this a minor case of a food craving? Is there some biochemical reason as to why one feels they must have much and must have it often? Can it be lack of discipline to keep these things a reoccurring part of my diet even when attempting to make my eating habits cleaner and more nutritious? Why One Cream Cake Leads To Another, begins to answer these questions. A chronic high-fat diet is thought to desensitize the brain to the feeling of satisfaction that one normally gets from a meal, causing a person to overeat in order to achieve the same high again. Newer research however, suggests that this desensitization actually begins in the gut itself, where production of a satiety factor, which normally tells the brain to stop eating, becomes dialed down by the repeated intake of high-fat food. High-fat foods produce an endorphin response in the brain when they hit the taste buds; the gut also sends signals directly to the brain to control our feeding behavior. Mice nourished via gastric feeding tubes, which bypass the mouth, exhibit a surge in dopamine—a neurotransmitter promoting reinforcement in the brain’s reward circuitry—similar to that experienced by those eating normally. This dopamine surge occurs in response to feeding in both mice and humans. But evidence suggests that dopamine signaling in the brain is deficient in obese people. Ivan de Araujo, a professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, has now discovered that obese mice on a chronic high-fat diet also have a muted dopamine response when receiving fatty food via a direct tube to their stomachs. To determine the nature of the dopamine-regulating signal emanating from the gut, Araujo and his team searched for possible candidates. â€Å"When you look at animals chronically exposed to high-fat foods, you see high levels of almost every circulating factor—leptin, insulin, triglycerides, glucose, et cetera,† he said. But one class of signaling molecule is suppressed. Of these, Araujo’s primary candidate was oleoylethanolamide(OEA), food-intake modulators . Not only is the factor produced by intestinal cells in response to food, he said, but during chronic high-fat exposure, â€Å"the suppression levels seemed to somehow match the suppression that we saw in dopamine release.† It is not clear why a chronic high-fat diet suppresses the production of oleoylethanolamide. But once the vicious cycle starts, it is hard to break because the brain is receiving its information subconsciously, said Daniele Piomelli, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, and director of drug discovery and development at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa. â€Å"We eat what we like, and we think we are conscious of what we like, but I think what others are indicating is that there is a deeper, darker side to liking—a side that we’re not aware of,† Piomelli said. â€Å"Because it is an innate drive, you cannot control it.† Put another way, even if you could trick your taste buds into enjoying low-fat yogurt, you’re unlikely to trick your gut. So if eating has much to do with biochemical and people dealing with obesity have a lack thereof, at what point is one addicted to food? Tuomisto, T; Hetherington, Mm; Morris, Mf; Tuomisto, Mt; Turjanmaa, V; Lappalainen, R. (1999) study was to examine similar affective, physiological, and behavioral variables in chocolate addicts and control subjects. Method: Sixteen addicts and 15 control subjects took part in two laboratory experiments in which their heart rate, salivation, and self-reported responses were measured. Results: In the presence of external chocolate cues, chocolate addicts were more aroused, reported greater cravings, experienced more negative affect, and also ate more chocolate than control subjects. Self-report measures on eating attitudes and behavior, body image, and depression confirmed that a relationship exists between chocolate addiction and problem eating. Chocolate addicts showed more aberrant eating behaviors and attitudes than controls, and were also signif icantly more depressed. Discussion: Chocolate addicts may be considered to be a parallel with addicts generally, because they differ from controls in craving for chocolate, eating behavior, and psychopathology (in respect of eating and affect). According to Corwin and Grigson (2009), food addiction is a pervasive, yet controversial, topic that has gained recent attention in both lay media and the scientific literature. The goal of this series of articles is to use a combination of preclinical and clinical data to determine whether foods, like drugs of abuse, can be addictive, the conditions under which the addiction develops, and the underlying neurophysiological substrates. Operational definitions of addiction that have been used in the treatment of human disorders and to guide research in both humans and animals are presented, and an overview of the symposium articles is provided. We propose that specific foods, especially those that are rich in fat and/or sugar, are capable of promoting â€Å"addiction†-like behavior and neuronal change under certain conditions. That is, these foods, although highly palatable, are not addictive per se but become so following a restriction/binge pattern of consumption. Such consumm atory patterns have been associated with increased risk for comorbid conditions such as obesity, early weight gain, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse as well as with relapse and treatment challenges. The topic of food addiction bears study, therefore, to develop fresh approaches to clinical intervention and to advance our understanding of basic mechanisms involved in loss of control. Ifland JR1, Preuss HG, Marcus MT, Rourke KM, Taylor WC, Burau K, Jacobs WS, Kadish W, Manso G. (2009), study found the following: Overeating in industrial societies is a significant problem, linked to an increasing incidence of overweight and obesity, and the resultant adverse health consequences. We advance the hypothesis that a possible explanation for overeating is that processed foods with high concentrations of sugar and other refined sweeteners, refined carbohydrates, fat, salt, and caffeine are addictive substances. Therefore, many people lose control over their ability to regulate their consumption of such foods. The loss of control over these foods could account for the global epidemic of obesity and other metabolic disorders. We assert that overeating can be described as an addiction to refined foods that conforms to the DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders. To examine the hypothesis, we relied on experience with self-identified refined foods addicts, as well as crit ical reading of the literature on obesity, eating behavior, and drug addiction. Reports by self-identified food addicts illustrate behaviors that conform to the 7 DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders. The literature also supports use of the DSM-IV criteria to describe overeating as a substance use disorder. The observational and empirical data strengthen the hypothesis that certain refined food consumption behaviors meet the criteria for substance use disorders, not unlike tobacco and alcohol. This hypothesis could lead to a new diagnostic category, as well as therapeutic approaches to changing overeating behaviors. In drug addiction, the transition from casual drug use to dependence has been linked to a shift away from positive reinforcement and toward negative reinforcement. That is, drugs ultimately are relied on to prevent or relieve negative states that otherwise result from abstinence (e.g., withdrawal) or from adverse environmental circumstances (e.g., stress). Recent work has suggested that this dark side shift also is a key in the development of food addiction. Initially, palatable food consumption has both positively reinforcing, pleasurable effects and negatively reinforcing, comforting effects that can acutely normalize organism responses to stress. Repeated, intermittent intake of palatable food may instead amplify brain stress circuitry and downregulate brain reward pathways such that continued intake becomes obligatory to prevent negative emotional states via negative reinforcement. Stress, anxiety and depressed mood have shown high comorbidity with and the potential to trigger bo uts of addiction-like eating behavior in humans. Animal models indicate that repeated, intermittent access to palatable foods can lead to emotional and somatic signs of withdrawal when the food is no longer available, tolerance and dampening of brain reward circuitry, compulsive seeking of palatable food despite potentially aversive consequences, and relapse to palatable food-seeking in response to anxiogenic-like stimuli. The neurocircuitry identified to date in the dark side of food addiction qualitatively resembles that associated with drug and alcohol dependence. The present review summarizes Bart Hoebels groundbreaking conceptual and empirical contributions to understanding the role of the dark side in food addiction along with related work of those that have followed him.  ( Parylak SL1, Koob GF, Zorrilla EP. 2011) So what stands to question, after all this secondary data analysis, is this just another way of demonizing fat? Is food addiction a fact or is it fiction; an excuse built on â€Å"monuments of nothingness?† Must one really hope for another scientific revelation, to overcome bad eating habits? Though many factors go into the food we intake, how much, how often, and how we will or will not obtain enjoyment from it, there are also non-chemical factors. Such as, keep an open and level head about yourself when searching for a food high, it can mean more than your current weight or health, it can mean your life.

Key Ingredients that Engendered the Protestant Reformation Essay

Since the foundations of the Christian faith, the Catholic denomination has consistently been the most powerful and largest church community. The Pope held supreme religious power over the world and eventually held position as an important governmental figure. Throughout the times of the Middle Ages and Renaissance the Roman Catholic Church was the central basis and concern for all people. They forced people to obey their laws and pay sums of money under the threat of possible excommunication if disobedience occurred. The civilians during these time periods were helpless against the church’s power; they could not read or even understand the services or teachings of the Bible, so they were forced to trust the Roman Catholic Church for all knowledge that was shared. However, despite the church’s great religious authority, disputes and lax practices had grown up within the church, but it was not until the invention of the printing press when the followers of the Roman Catholic Church began to recognize such discrepancies. The issues of the sales of indulgences and the elevating power of the Roman Catholic Church lead corruption further into the religious establishment, but due to the invention of the printing press and to the rise of individualism the Protestant Reformation continued to thrive. Before the introduction of indulgences, the Catholic Church practiced the orthodox routine of confessions. The sales of indulgences were created for the sinner to pay their debt out of purgatory, but not to replace the practicing of confessions. The public began rapidly using the sales of indulgences to pardon their sins, rather than attending confessions, but little did they know the profits were going to towards the construction of St. Peter’s Bastille. The sale of indulgences gradually began to be questioned. Were the sales of indulgences in compliance with the scriptures in the Bible? Martin Luther proved and additionally acknowledged that the sales of indulgences were not in scriptural compliance through the postings of his ninety-five theses, and thus revealing a large falsification within the exalted Roman Catholic Church. Beyond the sales of indulgences, no one could argue that the church was not  corrupt. Holding vast wealth, exercising enormous political power and waging war, it was administered by holders of patronage positions that had more interest in lining their pockets that in promoting the welfare of their religious community. The Catholic Church issued a strict set of rules for its followers to obey, but ironically, the church officials were seemingly unable to obey the rubles as well. The celibacy of priests began to be questioned. In Europe, bishops and the clergy often lived like aristocrats, and seemed part of the ruling elite. Corruption was widespread, for example: bishops were not undertaking religious duties, or even not living in their own administrative division. In France, the King rather than the Pope chose people for church positions. These practices for selection of church officials began to resemble the electing of a political figure rather than a church position. The image of the church was beginning to evolve with their power as it began to grow into a governmental house instead of a religious foundation. Unfortunately for the public, the perverse aspects within the church system were not discovered soon enough. It was not until the invention of the printing press that the public could for the first time read their own scriptures of the Bible. Furthermore, the new availability began allowing the readers to form their own religious beliefs and thereafter creating a new sense of individualism. Through the mass production of the Bible from the printing press the church was for the first time opposed by competition through the opinions of the people. They began to realize on their own the false and corrupted practices within the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, a vast majority of the worshipers in the Roman Catholic Church began to convert the teachings of Martin Luther. The public could now see the arguments that Luther made were creditable with scripture to induce them as well. Martin Luther appealed to the masses because he imposed a simple church. He said that the average person could have a relationship with God without going through the religious officials. Luther’s teachings were more applicable to the lifestyles of the common man and in a result the Protestant Reformation was launched. The Catholic Church could not suppress his actions because of the fact that the majority of the public was on his side. Finally, when Martin Luther posted his ninety-five theses he was not searching for a way to create a new protestant belief of religion or to begin a famous movement in history, he was simply surfacing his concerns with the Roman Catholic system. To Luther, indulgences were not right because there were no scriptures to back up the ideas. Eventually the public came to agree with him. The Roman Catholic Church most certainly supplied the ingredients to engender the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther simply acted on them and with the help of publication it was a success. But was the move of many from the Catholic to Protestant a long lasting success? No, over a long period of time many people that converted to Protestantism converted back to Catholicism, but despite this, the actions and reforms accomplished during the Protestant Reformation changed and affected many lives then and to come.

Blood and Vengeance Essay

In Sudetics book, Blood and Vengeance, the author portrays a multicultural country whose people were living together more or less peacefully until their dormant ethnic hostilities were awakened and manipulated in a war of aggression. It was a war that was brought on by a few people with a thirst for power and a score to settle which is indicative of the title. It is the tradition of Serbs to demand blood vengeance for past crimes against them and, while there may be readers who consider magnanimity as the noble thing, the Serbs and their culture, in sharp contrast, appear unsympathetic at times. In brief, Sudetic successfully illustrates the macro policy issues with an in-depth view of the Celik family’s experience in Srebrenica. This book is a devastating indictment of the international community for allowing atrocities like this to occur again, after similar incidents which occurred in WWII, Rwanda, Cambodia and Guatemala. It is a firm and definitive account of a tragic chapter in Bosnia’s history. The first section of the book helps explain the root causes of the war in Bosnia and contains a brief yet momentous introduction of the history of Bosnia. Sudetic then introduces the reader to the Celiks (A Bosnian Family). The reader becomes completely enveloped by the tragedy and ordeals that the family endures and it becomes hard not to empathize with them, sharing their deepest emotions and concerns. Central to the theme of this book is Sudetic’s comprehensive account of the atrocities that took place in Srebrenica after the town was overrun by the Bosnian Serb army. Muslim men were taken to different locations to be shot. Those who survived have been able to testify about these heinous atrocities. The Celik family fled from their village of Kusupovici to Srebrenica when the war began. Approximately forty thousand people from neighboring towns sought shelter in Srebrenica which was later taken under siege and was constantly shelled by the Bosnian Serb army. Very few U. N. convoys were allowed to enter Srebrenica in order to deliver food and medical supplies to its refugees. Srebrenica’s people were isolated from the rest of the world for three long years with severe food rations, the lack of electricity, clean water and medical supplies. Hundreds of refugees died from starvation and disease. Blood and Vengeance is virtually a gripping account of unlucky people who were trapped in an ironic â€Å"safe† zone of Srebrenica. The city fell on July 12, 1995 after three years of Serb occupation. The author describes the events as vividly as it was illustrated on television. Bosnian Serb forces summarily executed approximately eight thousand Muslims, an event not witnessed since WWII. The details of the massacre were gruesome including the days leading up to it. It was even more disturbing that the U. N. was completely indifferent to the plight of these people with numerous documents corroborating this. The U. N. maintained that, though they were given the authority for air strikes, they did not because they felt it would exacerbate the conflict. Those Muslims who tried to escape were frequently ambushed by the Bosnian Serb army. The impression a reader gets from this book is probably the most accurate one concerning the war in Bosnia. This war was not the mandate of the people but instead, the cruelty imposed by General Milosevic. It appears that, in this book, it’s the United Nations and Western diplomats that take the blame. In addition to blame put on the U. N. , Sudetic writes of the convenient fallacy that all sides in the Bosnian war were equally guilty of the evils perpetrated there. That was never the case. He also dispenses with the international community’s implication that the corrosive three years was inevitable. In reality, it was deliberately manipulated by nationalist Serb leaders. Sudetic also exposes the moral cowardice & incompetence of the international community. Even though it can be argued that the Serbs were manipulated by the anti-Muslim propaganda monopolizing the media in the former Yugoslavia, it is fair to state that the Muslims had nothing comparable to cloud their judgment. In summary, Blood and Vengeance, is a true account of a family in the Serbian conflict engaged in a political and social context of violence and aggression. There is a balance in the author’s criticism of Muslim and Serb atrocities, and his anger at the failures of politicians and peacekeepers is extremely pronounced. It is a riveting tale of the experiences of the Celik family and to the welfare of each family member as they try to escape the violence. Bibliography: 1. Blood and Vengeance: One Family’s Story of the War in Bosnia, Chuck Sudetic, 1999

The 16 Colleges in the Great Lakes Valley Conference

Is Free Exposure Good or Bad For Shamrock Rovers F.C. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2395 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Review Did you like this example? Introduction Shamrock Rovers F.C., self -described as the most successful football club in Ireland(Shamrock Rovers F.C. Membership 2015) had asked the television broadcaster RTE to refrain from showing the clubs remaining matches for the year on television on the opinion that each live broadcast resulted in approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10,000 of lost revenue per event. It is understood that other clubs within the Premier League agree with the clubs position and were very sympathetic to their position. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Free Exposure Good or Bad For Shamrock Rovers F.C." essay for you Create order The Premier League clubs felt that it would be good practice for them to be financially compensated when their games were televised, providing hours of television entertainment. (McDonnell 2015). This paper will discuss the notion of free exposure including whether it was good or bad for a business as well as examine decision making within a company with the objective of attaining long term goals. The relevance and connection of these concepts to the aforementioned decision by Shamrock Rovers F.C. will also be discussed and analysed. The Irish football league, founded in 1921 is an important part of Irelands tradition and history. It consists of 20 clubs as well as the Football Association of Ireland, FAI which is the umbrella body responsible for the promotion, regulation and organisation of activities. The unique nature of the Irish sports environment means that the league faces robust competition for a comparatively small market in comparison to its European peers from the GAA Hurling and Football organisation and Rugby in addition to other growing sports (Conroy Consulting 2015). This is in addition to a good amount of television exposure for non-Irish football including the English Premiership. Revenue generation within the League has been described as challenging especially with the economic conditions of the past number of years (Conroy Consulting 2015). How does free exposure or long term planning impact this competitive landscape? Free Exposure Studies have shown that when people encounter something repeatedly, the likelihood of having a preference for it or a positive reaction in future is increased. This is known as the mere exposure effect, MEE (Kahneman 2012; Schacter 1987; Zajonc 1968, 2001). Kahneman (2012) explains that repetition results in cognitive ease and a comfortable feeling of familiarity linking this to eventually developing a degree of mild affection for the stimulus in question. The state of cognitive ease denotes relaxation, no threats or need to redirect attention. The main factors contributing to the concept of cognitive ease are illustrated in the figure below: Figure 1: Causes and Consequences of Cognitive Ease Source: Kahneman 2012, p.60 Zajonc (1968, 2001) goes further to argue that the mere exposure effect not only transcends conscious experience but that in fact the positive effect of repetition on liking is an extremely important biological fact supported by numerous experiments on humans and animals alike. The MEE effect is very important from marketing and advertising perspective since past experiences plays a significant role in ones future decisions including consumption and consumer purchases (Kahneman 2012). It could be inferred based on this that repeated exposure for the football clubs within the Irish league through the televising of matches by a major broadcaster would be very beneficial in increasing the profile of the league within the Irish market. Moreover, the leading clubs such as Shamrock Rovers F.C who were more frequently featured stood to gain more in the form of higher recognition of their specific brands in comparison to less featured clubs. This imparts a degree of competitive advantage as a result. The German Bundesliga, considered to be one of the most successful leagues in Europe (Albach and Frick 2013; Blitz 2012) prioritises maximum exposure of its matches to fans as part of its business model. One of the ways this is achieved i s by making sure ticket prices are very low and therefore accessible to a wide spectrum of the market across different age groups and social backgrounds. In addition, the Bundesliga restricts the quantity of season tickets in circulation to ensure that they have as many fans as possible able to actually attend their own team matches (Doyle 2014). Live coverage of matches is generally broadcast by German television companies including Pay TV. The Bundesliga and its clubs leverage the resulting popularity of exposure due to wide match attendances, television and media coverage to generate income by balancing match day ticket sales and media rights with sponsorship and merchandising in addition to transfer income. In actual fact, the clubs on the average generate 21% of their total revenue from ticket sales (Chadwick 2010). In examining the English Premier League, described as Europes largest football league by value it was found that while the number of live matches broadcast had incr eased from 60 in 1992/93 to 138 in 2005 accompanied by increase in viewership, attendance of live matches also increased (Ofcom 2005). The preceding examples lend credence to the assertions of the FAI that more exposure of the game through televised broadcasts was positive for the long term revenue increase for the league and its clubs. Furthermore, it should at the least cause Shamrock Rovers F.C. and the other clubs in the league to re-evaluate their business considerations in coming to the conclusion that free exposure was causing them lost income in match ticket sales and therefore too expensive for business. In the case of Shamrock Rovers F.C. specifically, the question would be whether the club might actually be ceding competitive advantage to others by rejecting the free advertising offered in the form of live match broadcasting. One difference between the Irish league and both Bundesliga and the English Premiership lies in the fact that while clubs in both leagues receive payment for television coverage (Chadwick 2010; Ofcom 2005), the nature of the competitive environment for the Irish league means that the clubs do not get paid for television coverage of matches. This then raises the dilemma of how to balance the tension between maintaining exposure to the market in line with long term goals of increasing league value and short term financial needs. Due to the fact that the clubs are not being paid for exposure, they view this from the perspective of a sunk cost which is about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10,000 per event for Shamrock Rovers F.C. and see no direct relation between this and their immediate profits. Evidence supports the fact however, that competitive advantages can be created through giving something away for free (Anderson 2009). Examples drawn from the history of companies behind household names like Jell-O, Gillette and Microsoft show that giving something away can be good for business and can be leveraged as a competitive tool. This is pa rticularly useful in a very competitive marketplace where margins are driven down relentlessly (Anderson 2009). In such a situation, it is inferred that an organisation will benefit from recognising the realities of the marketplace in which it operates, undertakes comprehensive analysis of its environment such as carrying out SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis based on Michael Porters strategic forces that affect competition (Porter 2013) to strategically create a business framework that will enable it to tap into creative channels for exploiting what it has in its possession including using the concept of free to gain competitive edge, differentiate itself in the eyes of the consumer and convert these advantages to economic benefits for long term sustainability. Long term decision making The value of an organisation is based on its long term ability to generate income necessary to support growth that adds to its value. In effect, a firms value is understood not only by looking at its present financial income but also weighing other factors like its competitive position, the growth potential for its industry, strength of competitors and the management of the organisation (Rappaport 2005). On this basis, the importance of making plans and setting objectives from a long term perspective is obvious. Sometimes the immediate financial reality or financial expectations of stakeholders can make focusing on long term goals difficult. The companys strategy based on long term objectives serves as a guide for defining the framework of how the organisation creates value for its stakeholders. This framework is the business model and it defines what choices, trade-offs, sacrifices or tactics are employed in competing within the marketplace (Porter 2013). Hamel and Prahalad (2005) maintain that defining strategic intent usually including a long term desired goal provides stability to a firms short term actions and allows for the flexibility to adapt correctly when new opportunities or threats are identified. Commitment to a strategic target requires discipline and effort, often forcing an organisation to be more creative and innovative in using limited resource to attain its goals rather than focusing only on current opportunities or threats and how existing resources match these (Hamel and Prahalad 2005). It can then be surmised that the organisation is challenged, stretched and fitter as a result. Relating this to the situation with Shamrock Rovers F.C., information on the positive effects of mere exposure and examples of economic advantages possible by giving something away for free; long term decision making could provide the structure and motivation that will guide how it could boost its value and long term sustainability by taking advantage of the b enefits of the exposure provided by RTEs television coverage of its matches which in itself can be viewed as advertisement that the club does not have to pay for. Given the size of the market, economic conditions and strong competition from GAA Hurling and Football organisation, Rugby and the English Premiership on Irish television (Conroy Consulting 2015), it is believed that the exposure for the Irish league and its club gained from televised matches provides a net positive. There are a number of creative ways discussed by Anderson (2009) through which the club might monetise its advantages against its competitors as a result of having more exposure as shown below: Figure 2: Four basic business models of Free Source: Anderson 2009, p.27 Looking at figure 2, the club could adopt options 1, 2 or 3 or a combination of all or some of the three. In allowing televised matches without being paid for it, Shamrock F.C. could seek to use its exposure advantage to increase incom e from merchandising and sponsorship. Increased exposure as shown in option 2 could be used to attract advertisers for placement in prominent places within their stadium since the stadium receives good television coverage as a result of match coverage. Option 3 opens up the possibility that increased exposure for Shamrock Rovers F.C. and associated clubs in the Irish league would make it easier for consumers to accept the prospect of paying to watch football on TV thus opening the door to future income from media rights for the clubs within the league. These three business models as illustrated above, contribute in some form or the other to the success of the German Bundesliga and English Premiership (Chadwick 2010; Ofcom 2005). The Bundesliga for example received 33% of its income in 2006/2007 from television, radio and other media, 21% for match day income, 25% from sponsorship while merchandising and transfer fees constitute the rest (Chadwick 2010). Conclusion The intent in this brief was to examine whether free exposure was good or bad for an organisation in its quest to compete in the marketplace. Also addressed is the question of whether or not companies should make decisions based on a long term goal. It was found that exposure whether free or paid for is a positive component of marketing to consumers and increasing awareness and likability based on what we know about the mere exposure effect. Football, because of its entertainment value receives what amounts to free advertisement and exposure in Ireland and other countries such as Germany and England as a result of television match coverage. Successful leagues like the Bundesliga and English Premiership have also capitalised on the entertainment value of the matches covered to broadcasters and receive payments some of which go to member clubs but in Ireland, it does not appear that the economic landscape have allowed the Irish league clubs to achieve this. The reaction to this si tuation does not point to reducing existing exposure even if it meant giving it away for free to television broadcasters as envisaged by Shamrock Rovers F.C. which in turn could lead to a reduction in brand awareness, brand equity and income (Aaker 1996). In order to counter short term financial impacts of not getting paid for this exposure and its perceived impact on the ticket sales, strategic planning would enable the organisation define objectives and steps it can employ to leverage the exposure it is getting to create value. Long term goal setting and decision making will be important and helpful for the firm to be able to adapt to short term financial short falls that might arise as a result. Reference List Aaker, D.A. (1996). Building Strong Brands. New York: The Free Press Albach, H., Frick, B. (2013). Sportokonomie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Anderson, G. (2009). Free: The Future of a Radical Price. London: Random House Blitz, R. (2012). German soccer beats England on profits. Financial Times [Online] Available from: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e31b65cc-aa64-11e1-899d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3ovgEEG7F Chadwick, S. (2010). Managing Football. London: Routledge Conroy Consulting, (2015). SSE Airtricity League Consultation Process Report Doyle, P. (2014). Bundesliga chief says Premier League prices not an option in Germany. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/aug/13/bundesliga-premier-league-germany-ticket-prices Hamel, G., Prahalad, C.K. (2005). Strategic Intent. Boston, USA: Harvard Business Press Kahneman, D. (2012). Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Penguin Books McDonnell, D. (2015). Shamrock Rovers ask RTÃÆ'†° t o stay away from Tallaght to boost crowds. Irish Independent [Online] Available from: https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/league-of-ireland/shamrock-rovers-ask-rt-to-stay-away-from-tallaght-to-boost-crowds-31515540.html Ofcom, (2005). Premier League Football: Research into viewing trends, stadium attendance, fans preferences and behaviour, and the commercial market. Commission of the European Communities, in case COMP/C/38.173 FAPL Porter, M. (2013. On Competition. Boston, USA: Harvard Business Press Rappaport, A. (2005). The Economics of Short-Term Performance Obsession. Financial Analysts Journal, Volume61, No.3, pp 65-79 Shamrock Rovers F.C. Membership (2015). [Online] Available from: https://www.shamrockrovers.ie/images/2015/eventspromotions/pdfs/2015-members-brochure-a5.pdf Schacter, D.L. (1987). Implicit Memory: History and Current Status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, Volume 13, No.3, pp. 501-518. Zajonc, R.B. (1968 ). Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure. American Psychological Association Inc., Volume 9, No.2, Part 2, pp. 1-27 Zajonc, R.B. (2001). Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal. American Psychological Society, Volume 10, No.6, pp. 224-228 Bibliography Powell, T.C. (1992). Strategic Planning as Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, Volume 13, No.7, pp. 551-558. Szymanski, S. (2005). Handbook on the Economics of Sports. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar

A New Law Or Constitutional Amendment - 1794 Words

All states in this great nation have three basic branches of government known as the executive, legislative, and the judicial branch. California is no different. The Governor, Jerry Brown heads up the executive branch as a face for the people of California (California, 2013). Now we will look at the type of democracy that truly sets California aside from other states, direct democracy. With a general overview, a direct democracy is a broad term that encompasses an assortment decision processes, including town meeting, recall elections, initiatives, and referendums. The referendum is a process that allows the citizens to approve or reject laws of constitutional amendments proposed by the government. On the opposite side of a referendum, an initiative is the proposal of a new law or constitutional amendment by the ordinary citizens to the state government. No more than half of the states offer options of either, with twenty-five states offering popular referendum and only eight-teen states offering a recall (Bowman, 2012, p.82) This is what sets California apart from many of the other states that do not allow recall or initiatives. While initiatives can be a great thing, Direct democracy has given Californians a since of freedom and choice for who runs their state. You could see this advantage/disadvantage (based on personal opinion) in 2003. In 2003, the governor of California, Govenor Gray Davis was removed from office by a recall (Bowman, 2012, p 85). The states budgetShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of The United States Constitution1354 Words   |  6 Pagesbeliefs and morals with the law when making a judicial decision. Instilling inappropriate factors in legal decisions causes potential inconsistency and, occasionally, bias, both of which would set poor precedents for judicial cases. An originalist view of the Constitution is superior over other theories since it allows the originally intended and unbiased ideas of the founding fathers to be applied to modern legal scenarios. Originalism is the most appropriate constitutional theory to follow when makingRead More 14th Amendment -EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW In school especially, as well as throughout our daily lives, we learn in America to live by the idea of freedom and equality for all. We do not allow race, class, or creed to determine a person’s stature in the community. It may seem as if this is the standard of society, but these ideas of equality have been fought over since the beginning of written history, and even in America today, prejudice still exists. To address these and similar problems, the founding fathersRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesas the law of land for that thirteen states and any others that would join the Union. The Framers designed the Constitution for the purpose that it could be amended in the future. This is because they would not be able to foresee all the circumstances that the state would face in the future, therefore they wanted it to be able to be easily amended in the future. Today, lawmakers in Washington D.C. are trying to utilize this structure t o pass what would be known as a State Repeal Federal Laws amendmentRead MoreBrown V Board Of Education1386 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved that segregated schools violated the Constitution. ïÆ'Ëœ The Constitutional Issue: This issue violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth amendment because segregated schools for people of race are unconstitutional and unequal. ïÆ'Ëœ The Outcome: The Supreme Court states that segregated schools could never be equal to each other. The Court decided that laws requiring separate schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision supports that all people are equal. As a student, IRead MoreCourt And Process : Constitutional Court989 Words   |  4 Pages1. Court and process: Constitutional Court ruled that the law is the prerogative of the federalism, not only reconciliation state governments. The state of government did not agree that would be their responsibility for repaid Mr. Barron. The chief justice John Marshall thought that this is not the states problem, and there is nothing to do in the side of the city of Baltimore. Mr. Barron insists that is in the faith amendment and it should be until the bill of right of the state government, andRead MoreThe Four Functions Of A Constitution1299 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment. Serves as the supreme and fundamental law of the nation and the state. How are those principles reflected in the current Texas Constitution? Executive Commander-in-Chief of military forces Calling forth militia Convening legislature on extraordinary occasions Accounting for public money Execution of laws Conduct of business with other states and US Pardons and paroles Approval of bills Veto Legislative Make laws Overturn vetoes Vote on amendments Compensate public employees Which of those principlesRead MoreCanada s Constitutional Issue Of Canada1562 Words   |  7 PagesFor over fifty years, the status of Canada’s constitution has been unable to fully unify, due to the fact that Canada has been unable to address Quebec’s constitutional concerns. Much of the ongoing debate addresses if the Constitution should recognize the francophone population of Quebec as a separate nation or a distinct society, with a separate laid out set of different characteristics and needs from the rest of the provinces in Canada . An important question should be how Canada can best acknowledgeRead MoreThe Constitution And The Law877 Words   |  4 Pagescase, Marbury v. Madison, 1803, establishing the authority to define what the law is. Thus, if the law is confusing, it is up to the courts to interpret the law through the process of judicial review. There is much controversy as to whether or not judges are following the laws as written or imposing their person al preferences and rewriting law to suit themselves. Ackerman believes â€Å"it’s a good thing that formal amendment is so hard; otherwise, the Constitution would become a mess, full of detailsRead MoreCivil Liberties are Constitutional Protections Against the Government1681 Words   |  7 PagesWe know people support rights in theory but their support may waiver when it comes time to put those rights into practice. Civil liberties are legal constitutional protections against the government, and basically, tell the government what it cannot do. Judicial interpretations shape the nature of civil liberties, and as these interpretations change over time, so do our rights. To understand the civil liberties and freedoms we have, and how they have changed, we must examine several key Supreme CourtRead MoreThe Constitutional Rights Of The State Of Utah1256 Words   |  6 Pagespetitioning the court to declare Utah’s state law criminalizing polygamy unconstitutional. Hale H allow is a faithful member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS, or Mormons) and has relations with multiple different women. He believes that he has a constitutional right to enter into a marriage with more than one of these women. However, Mr. Hallow is being denied such right due to Utah state law. After Utah’s state court of appeals ruled that the law will be upheld, Mr. Hallow appealed to

The Cost Of Living Essay Example For Students

The Cost Of Living Essay Question #1With the 3600(A. Roy 16) hydroelectric dams either going up or already built in India, there will undoubtedly be over 33,000,000 people displaced by the big dams reservoirs (16), most of which are Adivasi or Dalits (18), natives of India. Without a proper resettlement program in place, many are left with no place to go. Much of the land thats needed for the reservoirs was confiscated, scammed away, or bullied into being sold by the government. And what land the government did buy, not everyone received the money they were supposed to. The resettlement programs that are in place, are best described by Roy ? I can warrant that the quality of their accommodation is worse than in any concentration of the Third Reich?(20). From what I gather from Roy, these resettlement sites sound pretty inhumane and Im really surprised actions like that of the Indian government arent under fire of the U.N. Granted this doesnt seem to be the most publicized nor well documented ongoing incident . As for the Nuclear weapon problem that faces India, Roy didnt seem to address it in great detail. And if she did, I read right through it. With lack of proper storage facilities and the threat of contaminating Indias extraordinarily expensive drinking water. It might be wise decision for the Indian government to either discontinue their nuclear weapons program or properly address these issues. Question #2I guess I really have no other choice but to agree with Roys opinions. Maybe if we were given some type of written response from the Indian government or anything from a different viewpoint. Anyone that has read this book, without any outside information, would have to have something against the Adivasi or seen something in the book that probably 99% percent of the people that have read it missed to disagree with Roy on the problems in India. The only people profiting from the dams are in the government, part of World Bank, Jai Prakash Associates, and anyone with enough money that needs the water. Moreover, it doesnt appear that any of the rural citizens of India will be sharing in any of the profits or even get water for quite some time. Question #3The ?cautious? equation Roy calculates on pg. 17 that estimates 33,000,000 people have been displaced by big dams is a huge strong point in Roys argument. To add insult to injury, the people that are even lucky enough to get resettled, are put in tin shacks on inhospitable land, a far cry from what there used to. Before the dams, the displaced were self-sufficient and doing all right for the lifestyle they led. All of the evidence Roy offers about the Indian government points to a total disregard for human life or a great degree of incompetence. Either way, something drastic must happen before anything is really going to change. To be honest, I failed to recognize any weaknesses in Roys arguments. Im not trying to say there arent any, but I didnt find any. Question #4I chose to label as coming Roy from a social conflict perspective. I basically did this through the process of elimination. She is definitely not a structural-functionalist. She was certainly not trying to be objective, in the loosest sense of the word, while writing this book. ?This is another of the states tested strategies. It kills you with committees.?, she sounds pretty involved in that sentence while describing one of the committees suppose to conduct an independent review. Her equations, monetary reports, and percentages give her a little symbolic interaction flavor, but she definitely is more into the way her people are being treatedBibliographyThe cost of living by andretti roy

Speak and the Breadwinner Coming of Age in Literature Essay Example

Speak and the Breadwinner: Coming of Age in Literature Paper There comes a time in everyone’s life when they reach the point where they are no longer children, but adults. The transition from a child into a young adult is referred to as â€Å"the coming of age,† or simply growing up. Certain children reach this stage through a tragic, painful event, which sometimes can potentially change them and the way they view the world. Other children reach this stage by simply growing up and understanding everything around them. This stage in life is one of the most important in literature. The coming of age theme is found in many pieces of literature, such as Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak and Deborah Ellis’ The Breadwinner. The main characters in both of these young adult novels experience growth and change in their own ways. In Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak, readers are given a mental picture of who they think Melinda Sordino is. â€Å"The bus picks up students in groups of four or five†¦I close my eyes. This is what I’ve been dreading. As we leave the last stop, I am the only person sitting alone† (3). What the reader gets is this picture of Melinda Sordino predicting that she’s going to have the worst freshman year ever. We will write a custom essay sample on Speak and the Breadwinner: Coming of Age in Literature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speak and the Breadwinner: Coming of Age in Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speak and the Breadwinner: Coming of Age in Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What I think a lot of readers don’t pick up on right away is that this is the beginning of Melinda’s character developing. Speak is a story truly based on the coming of age theme, and unfortunately Melinda’s character grows as a result of a tragic event. The summer before freshman year, Melinda was living a normal, good life. She had tons of friends, good grades, and a loving family. Then the best night of her life turned into the worst. â€Å"We were on the ground. When did that happen? â€Å"No. No I do not like this. † â€Å"In my head, my voice is as clear as a bell: NO I DON’T WANT TO! (†¦And he hurts me hurts me hurts me and gets up and zips his jeans, and smiles† (135-136). This traumatic experience would forever change Melinda. â€Å"The novel’s title is Speak, but the silence of the main character predominates† (Smith). Melinda’s inability to speak out about what happened isn’t uncommon in girls her age. â€Å"The sadness, anger, and sense of betrayal that girls often feel entering this transitional period in their lives is increased by this shocking and demeaning experience† (Smith). She couldn’t find it in her to tell anyone about what had happened, not even her parents. She just allowed it to take over her. She didn’t care what she looked like when she went to school. She didn’t have any friends because she didn’t have much to say. She came off and depressed, and that’s just what she was. One girl befriended her, only to tell her a few weeks later that they couldn’t be friends anymore; she wasn’t giving her a good image. She was using her for her lack of friends herself. Melinda found herself in art. This was the one place she could express how she was feeling without anybody finding out the truth. Mr. Freeman, the art teacher at her high school, is the one person who helps her grow. He encourages her to express herself through her art theme: trees. This tree serves as a symbol in the book. All throughout the book Melinda struggles with life, just as she struggles with creating the perfect piece of art through trees. Mr. Freeman sees her pain through what she creates, and only encourages her more to keep going. The trees are symbolic of Melinda’s growth as a person. As she starts to realize that the rape was not her fault, her trees start becoming more real. Towards the end of the book Melinda asks her father to pick her up some flower seeds while he runs to the hardware store. This is one of the first steps towards communication. Through her whole isolated freshman year, Melinda finally finds the courage to speak out about what happened to her. It took the help of a classmate and an art teacher to help her realize that what happened was not her fault, and that she couldn’t live like that forever. When she shows Mr. Freeman her final tree, it is complete with wounds and a low dead branch. â€Å"He sits on the stool and hands back my tree. You get an A+. You worked hard on this. You’ve been through a lot, haven’t you? † â€Å"Let me tell you about it† (198). This is a major point in this book. Melinda is finally ready to speak. The low dead branch symbolizes who she was for that whole year; dead inside. After getting the truth out, Melinda begins to rekindle old friendships and communication with her par ents. Melinda has grown so much through this experience. She has learned that one must speak up for themselves. Our society needs to instill this is children at a young age. It seems to be something that we struggle with. She has matured so much since the beginning of the school year. In Deborah Ellis’ The Breadwinner, Parvana, the main character, experiences much of the coming of age theme through a traumatic and painful experience. Being a female in Afghanistan is not easy. Their freedom has been taken away from them. They are not allowed to attend school. They are not allowed to be outside, unless they are with their father or husband. Freedom has been stripped from their lives. Their lives were pretty bad, but at least their family was together. Little did they know it was about to get worse. The whole family was laughing when four Taliban soldiers burst through the door†¦Two soldiers grabbed her father†¦Parvana watched helplessly as two soldiers dragged him down the steps, his beautiful shalwar kameez ripping on the rough cement. Then they turned a corner, and she could see them no more† (30-31). Being a child was no longer an option for Parvana. She needed to grow up fast. Parvana was elected to do the unthinkable-she was about to become a boy. After all, she was the least developed. Her older sister Nooria was too developed to take on that role. This is definitely one example of the coming of age theme. Parvana has stepped up and has taken the role of â€Å"Kaseem. † This was the only way to provide for her family. Stepping out of her gender was the only option, the only way they wouldn’t get caught and punished, or even killed. Parvana found a job reading letters sent to the soldiers in the Taliban. She made enough to barely feed her family, but it was better than nothing. She soon ran into a girl from one of her classes when she was able to attend school, who had the same idea that Parvana’s family had for her. She was a â€Å"tea boy† now, trying to provide for her family also. She came up with an idea that she knew made more money than what they were making. They were going to dig up bones. Nooria, Parvana’s older sister, was never really nice to her, and was always bossing her around. This could just be their age, and not completely understanding how severe their situation really is. Nooria’s dream was to go to college, and that was taken away from her. This may have left Nooria bitter. When Parvana’s mother learns of her new way of making money, she is absolutely against it. â€Å"So this is what we’ve become in Afghanistan,† Mother said. We dig up the bones of our ancestors in order to feed our families† (115). Nooria then sticks up for Parvana. This is the first time Nooria has been positive about anything Parvana has done. Nooria has matured through this whole experience. She realizes how important family is, and that desperate times call for desperate measures. â€Å"These are unusual times. They call for ord inary people to do unusual things, just to get by† (116). Parvana and her friend did this long enough to earn a decent amount of money, and Parvana went back to her blanket in the market. Parvana really stepped up for her family. She took her siblings outside whenever they had the chance, she worked so she could go to the market and buy food for her family, and she was constantly getting water from the neighborhood tap. She realized that she could no longer be passive, and that she had to take control. And that is just what she did. Parvana finally got her father back, but now her mother and sister were on their way to Mazar, where they thought they would be safe. They soon found out that the Taliban was there, also. Though the ending isn’t exactly happy, it does offer hope that the family will be reunited The novel’s focus on how women’s lives are heavily restricted by laws rather than by personal choice is crucial in understanding the nature of external freedom† (Harper). Parvana and her family want to fight for freedom, and her mother demonstrates that nicely. Her and a friend create an underground magazine that would be sent to women all over the world. This family is truly rema rkable. So much maturing and growing existed in this family. Both Speak and The Breadwinner demonstrate the coming of age theme. The character’s growths in these stories are just phenomenal. Sometimes it takes a really bad situation to truly learn about one’s self. Both Melinda and Parvana had to experience something traumatic in order to find who they truly were. Parvana learned that she would do anything for her family, even her bossy sister. Melinda learned the importance of speaking up and standing up for herself. These books teach valuable life lessons. Not only is The Breadwinner a coming of age novel, it teaches about what life is like in Afghanistan. It reminds readers how lucky they are to be living in a country where they have so much freedom. Incorporating vocabulary used in Afghanistan allows readers to really feel like they are in the story. Coming of age in literature truly allows readers to relate to characters in the story, and aide them in growing. Works Cited Anderson, Laurie Halse. Speak. New York: Penguin Group, 1999. Bean, Thomas W. and Harper, Helen J. Exploring notions of freedom in and through young adult literature. Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, Oct2006, Vol. 50, Issue 2, p96-104, 9p (AN 22521106). Ellis, Deborah. The Breadwinner. USA: 2001. Smith, Sally. Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, 10813004, Mar2000, Vol. 43, Issue 6.